As technology rapidly advances, critical infrastructure - the physical and virtual systems that form the backbone of modern civilization, including energy, water supply, financial services, and telecommunications - becomes more exposed to attacks. The risk has been amplified by the war in Ukraine, leading risk boards to call for the protection of such essential systems. What are the emerging threats and vulnerabilities faced by critical infrastructure in today's landscape? What risks to operations, sensitive data, or even, of physical harm do we face in malicious state and non-state attacks? And, what are the challenges and strategies involved in safeguarding vital systems for national security in an increasingly interconnected world?